Data Sources & Methodology
Yield Curve
SeriesSourceFrequencyNotes
Live G-Sec Yield Curve NSE India — liveBonds-traded-on-cm?type=gsec Daily 274 traded government securities fetched at load time. Bond coupon and maturity year are parsed from NSE symbol names (e.g. 817GS2044 = 8.17% coupon, matures 2044). YTM is computed from the last traded price using Newton's method with a semi-annual coupon convention (standard for Indian G-secs). Each tenor bucket (3M–30Y) averages the nearest 1–3 bonds.
10-Year Historical Yield FRED — INDIRLTLT01STM Monthly India Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year, sourced from the OECD Main Economic Indicators via the St. Louis Fed FRED API. Available from December 2011 onwards.
Rates & Markets
SeriesSourceFrequencyNotes
Call Rate (O/N) FRED — IRSTCI01INM156N Monthly Overnight interbank call money rate (weighted average), sourced from the OECD via FRED. Closely tracks the RBI repo rate but is a market- determined rate; typically trades within the RBI's interest rate corridor (between the SDF and MSF rates).
Term Spread (10Y − 2Y) Computed Daily Difference between the 10-year and 2-year G-sec YTMs from the live NSE yield curve snapshot. Positive = normal curve; negative = inverted.
USD/INR, EUR/INR, AUD/INR Yahoo Finance via yfinance Daily Monthly last-close prices stored from yfinance tickers INR=X, EURINR=X, AUDINR=X. Note: these express units of INR per 1 foreign currency unit.
Nifty 50 Yahoo Finance via yfinance^NSEI Daily Monthly last-close index levels.
India VIX Yahoo Finance via yfinance^INDIAVIX Daily NSE India Volatility Index, computed from Nifty 50 options. A higher value indicates greater expected near-term market volatility.
Macro Indicators
SeriesSourceFrequencyNotes
CPI Inflation (monthly) FRED — INDCPIALLMINMEI Monthly India All-Items CPI index (base 2015=100) from OECD Main Economic Indicators via FRED. Year-on-year % change is computed from the index. Shown in preference to the annual World Bank figure when available.
GDP Growth World Bank — NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG Annual Real GDP growth rate, constant prices. World Bank publishes with approximately a 6–12 month lag; the most recent available year is typically the prior calendar year.
Current Account Balance World Bank — BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS Annual Current account balance as % of GDP (IMF BOP definition).
Fiscal Balance World Bank — GC.BAL.CASH.GD.ZS Annual Central government cash surplus/deficit as % of GDP. Coverage may be incomplete; the World Bank often has limited data for India on this series.
FDI Inflows World Bank — BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS Annual Foreign direct investment net inflows as % of GDP.
Unemployment Rate World Bank — SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS Annual ILO modelled estimate, % of total labour force. Note that India's informal economy means this figure understates actual joblessness.
Data Freshness

Data is refreshed by running python manage.py load_macro_india. Recommended schedule: daily for market/rate data, weekly for macro indicators.

SourceTypical lagLast refresh trigger
NSE live bonds (yield curve)Real-time (live prices)On each load_macro_india run
FRED monthly series4–6 weeks (previous month)On each run
Yahoo Finance (FX, equities)~1 day (previous close)On each run
World Bank annual6–12 months (previous year)On each run
YTM Computation

Yield-to-maturity for each G-sec is solved via Newton's method using the standard bond pricing formula with semi-annual coupon payments (the Indian convention):

P = Σ [C/2 / (1 + y/2)^t] + F / (1 + y/2)^n

where P is the last traded price, C is the annual coupon, F is the face value (₹100), n is the number of semi-annual periods to maturity, and y is the YTM (solved). The maturity date is approximated as 1 July of the maturity year encoded in the NSE symbol; this introduces a small error (≤ 5 bps) on longer-dated bonds. Results outside [0.1%, 35%] are discarded as unrealistic.