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05-information-ratio May 2, 2026

How do I estimate IC for a real fund?

Estimating IC for a Real Fund

IC is the Correlation — definition">correlation between a manager's implicit forecasts (revealed by portfolio weights) and subsequent realised returns. Since you can't observe the manager's internal forecasts directly, you infer them from holdings data.

The Holding-Based IC Method

[1]

Step 1 — Compute active weights at each period-end

$$aw_{i,t} = w_{i,t}^{\text{fund}} - w_{i,t}^{\text{benchmark}}$$

A positive $aw$ = overweight = implicit "buy" signal. A negative $aw$ = underweight = implicit "sell" signal.

Step 2 — Measure subsequent returns

For each stock $i$, record the 1-month or 3-month return $r_{i,t+1}$ after the portfolio date.

Step 3 — Compute the cross-sectional correlation

At each period $t$, calculate:

$$IC_t = \text{Corr}(aw_{i,t},\ r_{i,t+1}) \quad \text{across all stocks } i$$

Step 4 — Average over time

$$\overline{IC} = \frac{1}{T}\sum_{t=1}^{T} IC_t$$

A consistent positive $\overline{IC}$ over multiple years is strong evidence of genuine skill — not luck.


What Numbers to Expect

$\overline{IC}$ Interpretation
≈ 0 No skill — forecasts uncorrelated with outcomes
0.05 Low but meaningful — still valuable with high breadth
0.10 Solid skill — approximately the IC of a skilled equity analyst
0.15 Excellent — very few managers sustain this

[1]


Practical Constraints for Indian Retail Investors

You need monthly holdings disclosures. In India:

For a full holdings-based IC, you'd need the complete monthly portfolio from the fund's AMFI disclosure or a data vendor (Morningstar, PrimeInvestor, etc.).


A Quicker Proxy: Use IR + Breadth

If full holdings data is unavailable, you can reverse-engineer an implied IC from the fund's observable IR and an estimate of its breadth:

$$IC \approx \frac{IR}{\sqrt{B}}$$

[8]

For example: if a mid-cap fund has a 5-year IR of 0.5 and runs ~80 effective independent positions:

$$IC \approx \frac{0.5}{\sqrt{80}} \approx 0.056$$

This is a rough triangulation, not a precise estimate — but it tells you whether the fund's track record is consistent with a plausible level of per-bet skill.


One Validity Check

Always benchmark IC against the right index. A mid-cap fund's active weights must be computed vs. the Nifty Midcap 150, not the Nifty 50 — otherwise you're measuring the mid-cap premium as if it were forecasting skill. [10]


Apply this → Once you have a fund's implied IC, plug it into the Fundamental Law with its breadth and TC to see whether its IR is plausible or likely overstated: Explore Funds

Sources cited

nism 1.2.2 Real Rate of Return vs. Nominal Rate of Return